焊接機(jī)器人

　　welding robot

　　我國制造業(yè)中焊接機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用主要是在20世紀(jì)90年代以后（個(gè)別企業(yè)在80年代中期），經(jīng)歷了摸索階段。近五年來焊接機(jī)器人的數(shù)量特別是在汽車制造業(yè)中增加很快，其中弧焊機(jī)器人多于點(diǎn)焊機(jī)器人。當(dāng)前企業(yè)使用的焊接機(jī)器人工作站大多是用示教—再現(xiàn)型的機(jī)器人，不具備自適應(yīng)能力，因此要求工件的裝配尺寸必須穩(wěn)定。

　　The application of welding robots in China's manufacturing industry mainly began after the 1990s (with some companies in the mid-1980s) and went through a exploratory stage. In the past five years, the number of welding robots, especially in the automotive manufacturing industry, has increased rapidly, with arc welding robots outnumbering spot welding robots. The welding robot workstations currently used by enterprises mostly use demonstration reproduction robots, which do not have adaptive capabilities, therefore requiring stable assembly dimensions of workpieces.

　　近期我國有一些鐵路車輛廠開始引進(jìn)帶有激光視覺傳感器的焊接機(jī)器人，不僅能自動(dòng)尋找和跟蹤接縫，有的還能對坡口（間隙）寬度的變化自動(dòng)進(jìn)行一定的自適應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)。

　　Recently, some railway vehicle factories in China have started to introduce welding robots with laser vision sensors, which can not only automatically find and track joints, but also automatically adjust the width of grooves (gaps) to a certain extent.

　　今后帶有視覺傳感器的焊接機(jī)器人將會(huì)不斷增多，尤其是對大型工件的焊接，這是一個(gè)重要的發(fā)展方向。因?yàn)榇笮凸ぜ暮附幼詣?dòng)化是比較困難的，工件的尺寸大、重量重，難以精確裝配，過去一直采用手工焊或氣體保護(hù)半自動(dòng)焊。

　　In the future, welding robots with visual sensors will continue to increase, especially for welding large workpieces, which is an important development direction. Due to the difficulty of welding automation for large workpieces, which are large in size and heavy in weight, and difficult to assemble accurately, manual welding or gas shielded semi-automatic welding have been used in the past.

　　焊接專機(jī)

　　Welding machine

　　焊接專機(jī)是一種剛性或半剛性的自動(dòng)化焊接設(shè)備，它通過電（自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)）、焊（的焊接工藝、材料、設(shè)備）、機(jī)（夾具、裝卡定位及運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)）的有機(jī)集成來實(shí)現(xiàn)對待焊工件的高質(zhì)量、率、低成本的大規(guī)模批量化生產(chǎn)，它不同于柔性自動(dòng)化的焊接機(jī)器人。

　　Welding machine is a rigid or semi-rigid automated welding equipment that achieves high-quality, high-efficiency, and low-cost mass production of welded parts through the organic integration of electricity (automatic control system), welding (advanced welding technology, materials, equipment), and machine (fixture, clamping positioning, and motion system). It is different from flexible automated welding robots.

　　企業(yè)必須根據(jù)生產(chǎn)情況和產(chǎn)品要求來選擇是用專機(jī)還是機(jī)器人，而不能籠統(tǒng)認(rèn)為機(jī)器人是高水平的自動(dòng)化，專機(jī)就是較低水平的自動(dòng)化。

　　Enterprises must choose whether to use specialized machines or robots based on production conditions and product requirements, rather than assuming that robots are high-level automation and specialized machines are low-level automation.

　　根據(jù)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，選擇的原則如表所列。

　　Based on practical experience, the selection principles are listed in the table.

　　我國焊接專機(jī)大多在大批量生產(chǎn)的企業(yè)，如冰箱與空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)的焊接生產(chǎn)線、汽車裝焊生產(chǎn)線、管子生產(chǎn)線、汽車零部件生產(chǎn)線、摩托車零部件生產(chǎn)線等場合。

　　Most of the welding machines in our country are produced in large-scale enterprises, such as welding production lines for refrigerators and air conditioning compressors, automotive assembly and welding production lines, pipe production lines, automotive parts production lines, motorcycle parts production lines, and so on.

　　總的看來，我國企業(yè)采用焊接機(jī)器人和焊接專機(jī)的數(shù)量還不多，說明焊接生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化水平還比較低，今后應(yīng)加強(qiáng)這方面應(yīng)用的推廣力度，迅速提高焊接生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化自動(dòng)化效率。

　　Overall, the number of welding robots and welding machines used by Chinese enterprises is still relatively low, indicating that the automation level of welding production is still relatively low. In the future, efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion of these applications and rapidly improve the mechanization and automation efficiency of welding production.

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